More than 70% of head and neck cancer cases are linked to smoking

Head and neck cancer represents a silent threat that can compromise the voice, the ability to swallow, taste, hearing, and even breathing. Its early detection is crucial to preserve the patient’s quality of life. José Miguel Núñez, oncologist surgeon, head and neck specialist, from the Sociedad Anticancerosa (SAV), explains that the symptoms that should alert include persistent hoarseness, difficulty or pain when swallowing, nasal bleeding without apparent cause, ulcerated lesions in the mouth, loose teeth and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. “If these signs last more than two weeks, it is essential to see a head and neck specialist,” emphasizes Dr. Nuñez, who works at the Cancer Prevention Clinic (CPC) of the SAV. Risk Factors The most relevant risk factors are smoking, present in 70% of cases, and excessive alcohol consumption. When combined, the risk multiplies up to 40 times. Infections by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), poor oral hygiene, exposure to radiation, and constant oral trauma also influence. Most of the risk factors for head and neck cancer are modifiable, allowing for preventive measures. Quitting smoking, moderating alcohol consumption, and getting vaccinated against HPV are key actions. It is also recommended to maintain good oral hygiene and a dental check-up every 6 months, a healthy diet, and regular exercise. Although genetics influence, lifestyle is crucial to reduce the chances of this disease. Early diagnosis is key For the diagnosis of head and neck cancer, studies such as nasofibrolaryngoscopy are used, which uses a flexible optical fiber to observe the nasal cavity and throat. This study is available at the CPC. Other important methods include imaging tests such as tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and PET-CT. These exams are vital to get a complete view of the injury and plan timely care. The choice of test will depend on what the specialist needs to evaluate. Early detection allows for less aggressive treatment. The SAV specialist explains that there are various options, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but the choice will depend on the stage and location of the tumor. You may be interested in: Zoraima Cuello urges Latin America to lead Artificial Intelligence

“If an injury is detected in the initial stages, the treatment will be less morbid or aggressive, preserving vital functions such as speech and swallowing,” he concludes, underlining the vital importance of a timely diagnosis to improve the patient’s quality of life and obtain a greater survival. To obtain information of interest on the prevention and treatment of oncological diseases, you can visit the website of the Venezuelan Anticancer Society (SAV): www.sociedadanticancerosa.org/ or follow them on social media accounts: Instagram as @sociedadanticancerosavzla, X as @SAnticancerosa and on Facebook as Sociedad Anticancerosa de Venezuela-SAV.